GasHawk - a cost-saver for the long tail of L1 Ethereum transactions

The vastly successful EIP-1559 optimizes for fast and predictable transaction inclusion and is correctly perceived as a large UX improvement. What is usually overlooked is that 1559 optimizes for transactions with high time preference but ignores another large class of transactions: those that are not time-critical but should instead be processed within a reasonable time frame at the cheapest possible cost. Types of transactions for which this is true include simple ETH transfers, staking, and contract deployment. The attached picture of a base fee frequency analysis shows how day, month, and hourly signals in the gas fee market lead to systematic overpayment. Based on this analysis and additional extensive data, we show that many users are still overpaying for gas, even after 1559. To rectify the situation we present a system that makes gas-saving for non-time-critical L1 transactions available to everyone.